Haley Rivera's Blog

The stream is at best grey and turbid and can be…

haleyrivera — Fri, 09 Jul 2010 07:43:47 +0000

The stream is at best grey and turbid and can be black and septic.
On the three days per week that animals are slaughtered at the village abattoir the stream is discoloured by the resulting effluent.”
It goes on: “Frequent blockages and collapses occur in the sewerage system…the sewer running along the road into the village from the south is overloaded and flooding of the forecourt of the New Inn and the highway near the village green occurs several times a year.”
Yorkshire has dozens of other villages with similar problems from primitive, overloaded sewage systems.
In its 1982 review and the National Water Council records that and to replace the sewers of England and Wales, it would cost £31 000 million at today’s prices.
The Lords committee, noting this, estimated that “assuming the average life of the sewers to be about 100 years.
the industry ought to be spending £310 million a year to maintain the system in its existing state. Annual investment in renewal is in fact running at about £205 million. This, as the NWC modestly puts it, “appears too low”.
Quite apart from the fact that the existing state of the sewers is hardly good enough and the assumption of a 100 year life-span for sewers becomes increasingly unrealistic. Today’s sewers are built with an expected life of 60 years.
The principal faults of the sewerage system and says the Lords report, are twofold: “first and the hydraulic overloading: and second, physical deterioration due to age, ground subsidence, disturbance by traffic or excavation by other utilities.”
Subsidence due to coal mining is a notorious problem in such towns as Barnsley in South Yorkshire.
It describes and too and the extraordinary effect of the collapse of quite a small sewer.
“When a sewer is damaged and hydraulically overloaded, internal water pressure forces water out into the surrounding ground: when the pressure falls the water re-enters the sewer, bringing silt with it and thus clogging the pipe and, more important, weakening the external support and thus accelerating the failure.
A void grows around the sewer or in the vicinity of it and eventually the ground above collapses into the void.

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Also worth listening to: the tongue-in-cheek Jigsaw ,

haleyrivera — Sat, 03 Jul 2010 18:08:26 +0000

Also worth listening to: the tongue-in-cheek Jigsaw , with its “variations on a Scottish theme” and sounding like a bagpipe chanter played by flute and marimba, with accompanying drone from Phillips’s double bass.
Overall, a fascinating project, which doesn’t deserve the title “crossover”" it’s more than that.
It is indeed jazzy, but adorned with and enlarged by outside influences, which is a very healthy and happy state of affairs.
McCoy Tyner’s “Soliloquy”(Blue Note ), is, as its title suggests, a set of entrancing and involving solo piano pieces, with an improvisational orientation.
Tyner (b. 1938), another original and previously precocious American talent, was one fourth of what has been called the “most influential quartet in jazz history”" namely John Coltrane of 196065 (Coltrane, Tyner, Jimmy Garrison and Elvin Jones).
Tyner’s style and sound are distinctive: tremendously powerful, highly communicative and always highly conscious of the composition as a whole, Tyner is another “vocalising” pianist, in the tradition of Bud Powell et al .
Here we have a stunning solo set of 14 songs including four Coltrane tunes (Crescent )[and alternative take];Lonnie’s Lament and After the Rain ) and standards (All the things you are: I should care; Willow weep for Me ) and tunes by Tyner’s influences and friends (Bud Powell’s Bouncin’ with Bud and Dexter Gordon’s Tivolo ) and a quintet of songs by Tyner himself.
Tyner’s achievement here is that, while all the tracks here are largely improvisations (or at least spontaneous), and each is imbued with Tyner’s own sense of the appropriate (including thundering chords in All the Things you are , for example!), each has a fully rounded and selfcontained form.
Every track seems complete; there are few obvious lapses in concentration or low points, as the opening and closing (and very different) alternatives of Crescent show. Massively absorbing and enjoyable.
This will be among my “CDs of the Year” come December, no question, and is already turning into one of my most played discs.
THIS MUST BE A YEAR FOR SURPRISING pianists and here’s one I have never heard of before: young Belgian Laurent de Wilde , whose latest album is “Odd and Blue”(IDA Records ).
De Wilde’s trio features the posed and highly motivating drums of Jack DeJohnette (a greatly experienced performer, musician and composer, whose extensive C.V.
includes Miles Davis ["Bitches Brew"]and a long association with Keith Jarrett) and the pacey acoustic bass of Ira Coleman.
De Wilde’s tone (all acoustic by the way) is soft, but his ever-moving fingers are almost classically sharp and telling. (De Wilde is also quietly vocal; I know it annoys some people.)
There are five de Wilde tunes (most compelling of which is the brooding Twilight ), Irving Berlin’s How deep is the Ocean?(given a rousing treatment!),
Herbie Hancock’s The Pleasure is Mine , Wayne Shorter’s House of Jade and Thelonious Monk’s Four in One .
Highlights: the atmosphere of Twilight and the trio’s cohesion in House of Jade and de Wilde’s rapid virtuoso fingerwork on Four in One (even though the ghost of Monk might shudder at the plethora of notes and the lack of significant spaces). A very pleasing discovery.
Cassandra Wilson’s most recent album for Munich’s JMT label, “Cassandra Wilson Live”(JMT ), was released in December and to little apparent acclaim; Wilson is one of the top vocalists today, yet her fame seems not to have spread as far and wide as justice might dictate.
Her throaty-cum-husky voice and staccato, often peaky and explosive delivery and songs (four out of seven are hers on this album) with a funky electronic feel are nevertheless altogether a very singular and instantly recognisable package.
Here she’s backed by a quality quartet with a subliminal rock/funk calling, comprising James Weldman (piano and synthesisers), Kevin Bruce (electric bass) and Mark Johnson on drums.
Three tracks are from previous albums “Desperate Move (driving, excellent and written by JMT stablemate Steve Coleman),Body & Soul (as with Round Midnight below, a standard given a singular and distinctive modern treatment) and Rock this Calling (a modern jazz blues?)” while four are previously unrecorded by her: the melancholy-then-strident Don’t look Back (highlight for me of this album) and the quixotic Soul Melange and the Monk/Williams “standard”Round Midnight (a refreshingly individual rendition) and My Corner of the Sky (a modern son, which reminded me of an uptempo Ella Fitzgerald scat rendition…but with a rock group); all bar Round Midnight are Wilson compositions.

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Navigational transits were now flying past; glances were exchanged…

haleyrivera — Sat, 03 Jul 2010 03:17:20 +0000

Navigational transits were now flying past; glances were exchanged though no words spoken.
We were on schedule to pass Griminish Point around high water slack though the sea was anything but!
Just how bad was the point going to be I wondered, whilst simultaneously trying to exude an air of confidence.
The waves smashed spectacularly into the rocky coastline, creating instant waterfalls of white spume draining from the rocks before becoming drowned and engulfed by further successive waves.
Things didn’t look too bad; the following rollers were large though not breaking.
We kicked left to avoid the breaking waves and clapotis; the transits continued to fly by. We were now committed!
The waves seemed to increase in size as we passed the first section of headland, continuing to smash with awesome power to our right and too close to our right!
“Kick hard left again”; I yelled to make myself heard above the deafening roar of the wind and the sea.
Concentration levels were immense; continually we had to stern rudder/low brace to stay upright. We sighted a fishing boat in the distance, a sure sign of more sheltered water. A gull buzzed us as if in encouragement.
The omens were looking better.
One last rocky outcrop of headland; it seemed to take an age to round. the waves began to decrease.
We were safe!
Heather’s face displayed a mixture of ecstasy and relief; we were both on a big high. Two fishermen stopped work to stand and stare in amazement.
I wondered what they were thinking and then pondered on the fineness of the dividing line between exhilarating adventure and irresponsibility.
A quick drink from the flask, hardly needed as we were still hot on adrenalin, and we were on our way again.
Almost effortlessly, our bodies acting as sails and the southwesterly surfed us along the coast of Vallay.

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We would also have to discuss the development of fast…

haleyrivera — Wed, 23 Jun 2010 20:52:00 +0000

We would also have to discuss the development of fast breeder reactors, a necessity for all countries with limited uranium resources. France has unquestionably built up something of a lead in this area.
The Phenix reactor (233 MWe) has been in operation for eight years and has produced more than10000000 kWh.
The Superphenix reactor (1200 MWe), built jointly with Italy and West Germany, will come on stream in 1984 and will demonstrate the industrial feasibility of the approach. Today energy problems no longer concern only the specialist, but all citizens.
They constitute a field of choice for the development of democracy, because the “energy mutation” that is now occurring can be accomplished only with the consent and help of all. Triticale and the birth of a new cereal
The first nutritionally significant foodcrop to be introduced in the past 5000 years is a hybrid of wheat and rye. For the Third World especially, it could solve a lot of problems Nigel Smith
It is a tribute to the skill and wisdom of our ancestors that no outstanding staple crops have been introduced in the past 5000 years, and of those introduced in the past thousand years only a few, like the swede, have a significant nutritional impact.
There is one newcomer, however and that is only now finding its market but which could play a great part in feeding the world’s people; and that is a man-made cereal, a hybrid, called triticale.
From a slow start in the 1950s, and after a great deal of scepticism, as well as a great deal of research and triticale is now growing on more than half a million hectares, in the USSR , Europe and the United States and South America.
It has yet to catch on in the Third World but when it does it could prove extremely useful.
Triticale, pronounced triticaily, is a cross between wheat and rye; its very name is a hybrid between that of the wheat genus, Triticum, and that of rye,Secale .
A hybrid that truly combined the qualities of those prodigious parents would be desirable indeed.
Wheat out-produces rye on good soils, and has a high market value for bread, pastry and pasta.
But rye grows well in cool regions with acid and sandy soil, is less susceptible to disease and reasonably tolerant of drought.
Wheat and rye were first crossed in 1875 by a Scottish botanist, Stephen Wilson, but the results were disappointing. As is usual with hybrids and the plants were sterile.
The basic reason for such sterility is that the two parents contain different numbers of chromosomes.
Each parent passes on a set of chromosomes to the hybrid offspring: but the two sets do not match, and so cannot undergo the “reduction division” necessary to produce another generation of gametes.

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This month marks the 250th anniversary of the birth of…

haleyrivera — Mon, 21 Jun 2010 22:13:52 +0000

This month marks the 250th anniversary of the birth of Joseph Priestley, chemist, cleric and reformer, whose scientific discoveries and powerful imagination and together with outspoken views on freedom of thought, education and religion, inspired contemporaries and future generations
THE NUMBER of times their new minister was seen slipping into Jakes and Nell’s brewery in Meadow Lane, Leeds, worried some of his congregation.
For a man of the cloth to spend so much of his time there suggested all manner of things. Perhaps the demon drink had won?
Why else would a man spend hours over foaming vats other than to anticipate the pleasures to come? Joseph Priestley’s pleasures were, however, of a different kind.
It was the plentiful supply of “fixed air”(carbon dioxide was so called in the 18th century) above the vats that held his attention.
The gas, he discovered, was easily dissolved in water, giving a sparkling drink with a “pleasant acidulous taste”. It could hardly be distinguished from “good Pyrmont, or rather seltzer water”.
Pumping the gas in under pressure produced a beverage almost equal to that of the best mineral springs.
Such then was the origin of soda water and a major industry, a service, according to Thomas Henry Huxley, writing over 100 years later, “which all those thirsty souls with parched throats and hot heads could not too greatly acknowledge”.
“Aerated water”, or soda water as it came to be called, was but one of Joseph Priestley’s many inventions.
His scientific discoveries and his fight for religious and political freedom, form equally important parts of an exceptionally industrious life.
A man of strong character and like so many Yorkshiremen used to speaking his mind, Priestley’s energy and powers of application were intense and the range of his work wide.
His many biographers have attempted to come to terms with his prodigious output of educational and religious and political texts and his scientific publications spanning nearly 40 years.
He achieved the rare distinction of being equally famous in more than one field at the same time.
Admired and revered or loathed and seen by some bigots as an enemy of society, Priestley was an intellectual champion of many causes.
Yet, ask the average mastermind of today what Priestley is best remembered for and the reply is usually “He discovered oxygen”.
Well yes, and ammonia, hydrogen chloride and sulphur dioxide, nitrous oxide and silicon tetrafluoride among other gases. “He showed that growing plants could restore the respirability of used air”.

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He found the frequency, modulation rate, and the timing of…

haleyrivera — Fri, 04 Jun 2010 14:10:44 +0000

He found the frequency, modulation rate, and the timing of the phrases to be remarkably similar in the two sounds.
It appears that birds have overheard trimphones ringing (or singing?) and have incorporated the sound into their song repertoires.
Most perching songbirds (passerine birds) have to hear their species” songs when they are chicks in order to produce normal songs as adults.
However, many won’t learn just any song they happen to hear ” it has to have some resemblance to the typical species song.
Song thrushes normally have a large song repertoire, and Slater suggests that the trimphone sound has been taken up because it is sufficiently similar to the normal songs to be learned and imitated; he calls this the “Buzby effect”.
It is probably not a coincidence that, where the song was recorded, a trimphone is installed in a neighbouring house.
But the song might spread from one bird to another by imitation ” and give British Telecom a lot of free advertising as well as confuse telephone subscribers. Cancer gene evaporates from normal cells
ANYONE who may have been disturbed by a recent Monitor report on the threat of cancer lurking in normal cells (New Scientist , 3 March, p 583), can sleep easy again, at least for the time being.
George Khoury and his colleagues, who recently announced in Science that mutations associated with cancer were to be found in the normal cells of a patient ” and were thus probably inherited ” turn out to have spoken too soon.
The mutant gene and they now confess, found its way into their cell cultures as a contaminant and there is no longer any evidence that cancer genes may be inherited (see Nature vol 302, p 476).
Strictly speaking and though and the possibility remains that heritable cancer genes may exist: no-one else has looked at normal tissues from cancer patients. One step nearer to synthetic haemoglobin
CHEMISTS are beginning to understand Nature’s subtle use of iron as an oxygen carrier.
Professor Daryl Busch and his team at the Ohio State University have mimicked the action of the body’s natural oxygen carriers, haemoglobin and myoglobin, by making the first totally synthetic iron-containing molecule that reversibly binds oxygen at room temperatures (Journal of the American Chemical Society , vol 105, p 298).
Iron (chemical symbol Fe) is an abundant and fairly typical member of the transition group of metals.
One of their chemical properties is “variable oxidation state”" the ability to part with different numbers of electrons.
The chemistry of iron revolves around its two main oxidation states, Fe(II) and Fe(III) in which iron loses two or three electrons respectively.
In solution, Fe(II) compounds are slowly oxidised (lose an electron) by air to form Fe(III) compounds.
Iron II compounds then, are reducing agents (electron donors) and Fe(III) compounds are oxidising agents (electron acceptors).
Another property of the transition series metals is their ability to form chemical bonds where the electrons are provided entirely by the other bonding species (called ligands).
These “coordination complexes” are usually highly coloured for example and the deep blue of tetrammine copper (II),[Cu(NH)].
Over the millennia, nature has learnt to capitalise on the abundance of iron and its mild reactivity to perform many important biochemical reactions and these include oxygen transport, which depends on the iron maintaining its Fe(II) oxidation state and to bioredox catalysis (for example in the production of metabolic energy) where iron rapidly undergoes reversible oxidation state changes. In haemoglobin the iron lies within a flat circular molecule called a porphyrin.
The iron-porphyrin complex is tucked into a water-repelling (hydrophobic) pocket in the protein and hemmed in top and bottom by other complexing ligands.
Oxygen can just get into the pocket and bind to the iron but, due partly to the absence of water, can’t oxidise it.
It can look but it cannot touch and the result being it can just as easily be released again. In other words oxygen binding is reversible.
As the oxygen is bound the iron shrinks in size and buries itself further in the porphyrin.
This tiny movement is transmitted and amplified by the atoms of the protein to the three other iron-porphyrin sites on the haemoglobin molecule, which in turn, are able to bind oxygen more quickly.

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He was lowered down the main shaft and once underground tried…

haleyrivera — Thu, 27 May 2010 03:35:40 +0000

He was lowered down the main shaft and once underground tried to make his way to the area in which the missing men had been working or to any passageway in which they could have sought refuge. The slurry was still advancing relentlessly and he could find no way through.
At one point he was almost cut off and, in the pitch black, in the bowels of the earth, he had to swing arm after arm from the overhead girders to stay above the advancing peat.
Later, with typical miner’s understatement, he said that the experience had been “a bit frightening”.
The Manager joined Andrew Cunningham underground and together they continued the search but it was in vain and they were forced to return to the surface.
Eventually and the slurry not only reached the bottom of the main shaft, over the following 24 hours it rose 16 feet up it. The roadways around the spare shaft were blocked also.
It was obvious that a major disaster had occurred and that a massive rescue operation must be started as soon as possible.
Resources in men and equipment were summoned from the Ayrshire and Lanarkshire coalfields and within hours a team of vastly experienced men had been brought together. The expertise in mines rescue work was great but the problem was enormous.
On the surface and to prevent further incursion of slurry from the subsidence, burns and field drains in the area were dammed or diverted.
The sides of the crater were made as secure as possible and the hole leading from it to the underground workings was fully exposed and kept clear.
Within a few hours, a team of very brave men descended into the crater and entered the workings where the disaster had begun; the danger of further subsidence from the surface and the extremely unsafe condition of the underground workings meant that they were knowingly putting their lives at risk. Unfortunately and the 13 men missing could not be found.
Men went down the main shaft and tried to clear it by shovelling the slurry into tubs which were then hauled to the surface but this was soon abandoned as it was realised that it would take weeks or months to clear a way through to the trapped men.

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Whatever the method of evaluation, man’s conscious contribution to goodness,

haleyrivera — Fri, 21 May 2010 16:48:14 +0000

Whatever the method of evaluation, man’s conscious contribution to goodness, and therefore to the Created God, made by his efforts to civilise himself is, by the twentieth century, utterly minute compared with the corresponding contribution of evolution.
It does not require much imagination on the part of a person contemplating, on the one hand the evolutionary product that is the marvellous human body, and on the other hand the mess that is religious history and to bring his agreement with this.
It is an interesting thought that the numerical approach could be strengthened and made more acceptable if the number of units of good credited to a “good” decision and then added to the Godhead, could be a factor of the numerical majority of individuals in sympathy with that decision.
The value of the factor would be a matter for debate, and related to the ultimate unit of goodness of evolutionary origin.
The reasonableness of this is manifest when viewed in the light of the fact that a great many of the most important human decisions do, after all, ultimately have to rely on mathematics for their resolution, if only by virtue of the principle of the majority vote being allowed to prevail in, for example, political matters. SUMMARY OF THE MAIN PRECEPTS SUPPORTING THE CREATED GOD
All that has so far been written in this book, has been directed towards instilling in the reader a curiosity about the ideas behind the concept of “The Created God”, and in offering justifications for, and explanations of and the various arguments and assumptions put forward, and virtually for justifying the writing of the book at all.
This chapter will summarise the main precepts which form the basis of the book, and so far introduced. 1)
Man has an undeniable need for a God and for a religion corresponding to that God. He needs to pray and praise, and to give thanks.
Also he needs to provide places of meeting so that those activities can be pursued communally when required. 2)
At the present time and the late twentieth century and the world is possessed of an incredible number of organised religions and cults of immense complexity.
The history of these is one of utter failure to bring peace and happiness to humankind. 3)
There is not the slightest justification for the supposition that and to be valid and religious writing and belief must have originated in the past, preferably in the remote past. 4)

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It will be concrete-lined and in places will…

haleyrivera — Sun, 09 May 2010 17:17:43 +0000

It will be concrete-lined and in places will be 500 m below ground level.
Its route will pass mainly through soft rock and above deep-lying, brackish ground water.
Three shafts will be sunk along the route to allow simultaneous excavation at eight faces. Detailed planning and construction will take 910 years.
Allowing for unseen problems, which are always a factor in the unstable Middle East, it is likely to be 1014 years before the power is switched on. It is not yet clear how the $1.3 billion bill will be met.
The Israel Bonds Organisation is to sell an extra $100 million in bonds over and above its regular sales as seed money for the project.
Commitments have been made and so far, by 400 “canal founders” from the US, Canada, Western Europe and other countries. Each “founder” has promised to buy $100 000, or more, of bonds. The idea of exploiting the region’s unique geomorphology is not new. Many proposals have been put forward over more than 100 years.
In 1850 an Englishman, Captain William Allen, wrote a book,The Dead Sea ” A New Pathway to India , in which he suggested linking Haifa Bay and the River Jordan and the Dead Sea and Eilat by canal.
The idea was largely motivated by political considerations, it would provide a sea route to the Far East in competition with the and then, unconstructed Suez Canal expected to be controlled by the French. Theodor Herzl published his utopian novel Altneuland in 1902.
In it he envisaged linking the two seas to generate electricity, based on the proposals of the engineer Max Bourcart, who wanted the canal to run from Haifa Bay and through the Bet Shean Valley, and then down the Jordan Valley. Bourcart also suggested constructing three power stations.
In 1919 a Norwegian engineer named Hjorth proposed driving a tunnel through the Judean Hills.
In 1925 Pierre Grandillon published a suggestion to bring sea water through the Jezreel Valley to the Jordan Valley, with two power stations en route .
The head of the Palestine Survey Commission during the British Mandate Period, engineer James Hays, presented a multi-purpose concept in 1943 for water management in Palestine.
Water from the River Jordan would be diverted for irrigation, and the loss of water to the Dead Sea would be compensated for with sea water from the Mediterranean. The head would be exploited to produce electricity.
Planning for water and electricity passed to various government agencies with the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948. In 1974 the idea began to be taken more seriously.
The government’s Eckstein committee concluded that a project based on a tunnel driven from the Mediterranean to the Dead Sea was feasible.
In 1977 the Neeman committee studied possible routes and recommended the one leading from Qatif to Massada.

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It is the same with the two…

haleyrivera — Thu, 06 May 2010 05:22:47 +0000

It is the same with the two worlds in conflict in The Country of the Blind and that wonderful story of an opposition without resolution, and with Mars and Earth in The War of the Worlds . In particular and there was the problem of evolution and ethics.
In an early essay on human evolution, from which Huntington quotes, Wells speaks of morality as being the padding which helps “keep the round Palaeolithic savage in the square hole of the civilised state”.
He sees in mankind two conflicting beings: the culminating ape and the artificial man, as he calls them. Much of his fiction is spent dramatising or reconciling the dichotomy.
Wells employed two different ways of thinking about the future, which he once labelled undirected and directed thinking.
Directed thought is based on a scientific model, and seeks unitary answers about the future.
Undirected thought, in Huntington’s telling phrase, “wanders in the maze of balances and conflicts which compose history”.
The former type of thinking can be judged by the accuracy of its predictions and the latter by the aesthetic pattern or moral complexity it achieves.
The Time Machine itself is an undirected thought vehicle; The Land Ironclads, prophetic and little else, are directed thought vehicles.
Huntington’s argument goes a long way to making clear the disappointment a reader experiences if he approaches the Wellsian SF novels in chronological order.
After the first splendid burst, from The Time Machine to The First Men in the Moon and the quality deteriorates.
The Food of the Gods, The World Set Free, Men Like Gods , and The Shape of Things to Come become progressively more like tracts. Undirected thought has been changed to directed thought.
Fancy is no longer free.
Wells lost his tolerance of contradiction in his anxiety to tidy up the world.
His seeking for single solutions coarsened his thinking and sank into abstraction.
Among the most engrossing parts of this book are those which demonstrate the confusion of Wells’s thought as he seeks to evade conflict, for instance by proving that ethics and evolution are one.
As he becomes the champion of efficiency, his prose ceases to function in its old complex imaginative way.

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